Various strategies and tools are used to defend against threats:

• Firewalls: These are barriers between trusted internal networks and untrusted external networks. They control incoming and outgoing network traffic based on security rules.
• Antivirus and Anti-malware Software: These tools detect, prevent, and remove malicious software from computers and networks.
• Encryption: Encoding data so only authorized parties can access it, commonly used for secure communication and storage.
• Access Control: Techniques for managing who can access specific data or systems, including passwords, biometric scans, and two-factor authentication (2FA).
• Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDPS): Monitors networks or systems for malicious activity and takes action if necessary.
• Security Information and Event Management (SIEM): Collects and analyzes data to detect potential security threats and ensure compliance with security policies.